The Destruction of Innocence in Shakespeares Othello Essays -- GCSE E

The Destruction of Innocence in Othello   â â One way, but a halfway way, of perusing the deplorability of 'Othello' is too consider it to be the devastation of honesty, trust, and glorified love by a negative and malevolently inspired experience, which respects the very presence of blamelessness and magnificence as its inspiration: 'the eternality of damnation'. Iago's manipulative danger is a urgent factor in the unfortunate calamity however it likewise serves to feature through difference the elective qualities in the play, among which one can incorporate blamelessness and naivety. In the contention underneath guiltlessness is comprehended to be freshness of the world yet in addition that which is isolated from abhorrent. Naivety has the importance of artlessness, even imprudence however more decidedly is the state of the youngster, trusting, unsophisticated and unaffected by the negative addressing and misleading which describes the common. Shakespeare depicts naivety and blamelessness mainly, however not solely, through the portrayal of Desdemona and Othello, and through an entire scope of sensational methods: their language, conduct, their collaboration with different characters, the symbolism concerned them and so on. The depiction of the characteristics is a perplexing one which is huge in the accompanying manners. Right off the bat, the helplessness of blamelessness and naivety helps drive the play towards its deplorable decision, despite the fact that it is matter of discussion whether the chief reason for the disaster is the powerlessness of honesty or the creativity of insidiousness. Besides, the estimations of guiltlessness and naivety contain values which are sensationalized contrary to those spoke to essentially by Iago; each lights up the other. This is one of the contentions integral to the emotional activity. The difference betwe... ...'s Othello. Ed. Anthony G. Barthelemy Pub. Macmillan New York, NY 1994. (page 1-19) Sprout, Harold. Presentation Modern Critical Interpretations, Othello Ed. Harold Bloom, Pub. Chelsea House New Haven CT 1987. (1-6) Robust, Steven. Class addresses. Georgia Perimeter College. April twentieth - 30th, 1999 Jones, Eldred. Othello-An Interpretation Critical Essays on Shakespeare's Othello. Ed. Anthony G. Barthelemy Pub. Macmillan New York, NY 1994. (page 39-55) Muir, Kenneth. Presentation. William Shakespeare: Othello. New York: Penguin Books, 1968. Neely, Carol. Ladies and Men in Othello Critical Essays on Shakespeare's Othello. Ed. Anthony G. Barthelemy Pub. Macmillan New York, NY 1994. (page 68-90) Snyder, Susan. Past the Comedy: Othello Modern Critical Interpretations, Othello Ed. Harold Bloom, Pub. Chelsea House New Haven CT 1987. (page 23-37)

American civil revised

American common war of 1861-1865 was the bloodiest war. The battle was between United States (the Union) and the Southern eleven slave expresses that announced that they had their own privileges to severance, in this manner, framing Confederate conditions of America which was going by Jefferson Davis as the President. The United States named as the Union was comprised of Free States together with Border States that were under President Abraham Lincoln lead by the Republican Party. The republicans were against the spreading of servitude into locales administered by the United States (the Union); this expanded the wants of severance by the Southern states.Nevertheless, the republicans wouldn't acknowledge any withdrawal rights from the Southern states. This at that point prompted the common war which separated on April of 1861, when Southern States powers assaulted an army base of United States (association) situated at Fort Sumter, in the South of Carolina, which was the absolute firs t state to withdraw. (Holt, 1978) Causes of the common war Many students of history contend that the common war was brought about by bondage issues. In any case, there is nobody straightforward reason for the common war.The war was brought about by complex issues including servitude, party legislative issues, and sectionalism, false impressions of federalism, expansionism, practical contrasts and modernization during that period. This issues added to the war. (Holt, 1978) Slavery is considered by numerous antiquarians as the principle issue that caused the war; different reasons were legitimately or in a roundabout way identified with servitude. Student of history Holt (1978), stated, as the 1850s went on, an intensifying, comprehensive and fundamentally silly clash about bondage kept on being the primary theme barring all different issues.As Abraham Lincoln a Northern lawmaker by then called attention to, the issue of subjection was the most significant issue than different issues, he further expresses that â€Å"indeed, a great deal more significant has it become that no other national inquiry can even get a consultation exactly at present. † (Holt, 1978) The issue of servitude was comparable to rivalry by segments or states for the control of regions. The interest of the Southern states for a code of slave in the domains was an issue being utilized by the Southern lawmakers to partition the Democratic Party in to two. The division of Democratic Party guaranteed the appointment of Lincoln and furthermore the secession.Though, Abraham Lincoln didn't have prompt plans of nullifying bondage in the South, the Southerners everywhere throughout the South passed on fears about the servitude future in the South the second Lincoln dominated, prompting strains that lead to war. (Holt, 1978) The Southerners were additionally worried about financial misfortune and racial fairness that they may misfortune. In understanding to the Texas Declaration of Causes for Se cession, pronounced that those states that were not holding treatments were broadcasting the debasing tenet that all men were equivalent independent of shading or race.According to this presentation, African individuals were a second rate race. This issue of servitude contributed a ton to the common war, the Southern states dreaded losing control of bondage to the national government. On the hand the Union expected that the intensity of servitude was at that point controlling the legislature. This prompted the common emergency of 1850s. States differences about the ethical issue of bondage; degree of popular government and the discussion about financial aspects of slave estates work over free work caused political turmoil in the states.This added toward the Southern severance which set off the common war. (Levine, 1992) Political insecurity Political flimsiness during that time was so cracked; this contributed a ton to the common war. Social and monetary abberations added to enlarge the political contrasts. Wars between the north and the south grew significantly increasingly warmed, especially after 1850. Lawmakers and the legal executive of the two locales imparted opposing signs in attempting to assuage one another. In any case, all the two gatherings were not satisfied.The Georgians (Southerners) felt that the Federal government which was fundamentally constrained by the Northern industrialists was not reacting to their issues in their states. In this way, the Southern states began withdrawing, this couldn't be permitted by the Northern states drove by President Lincoln. Accordingly the Southern states picked to utilize power by assaulting the army base of the United States (the association) the United States (Union) reacted and the war started. Thusly, political precariousness was another reason for the American common war. (Holt, 1978) Modernization fears by SouthernAnother reason for war was dread of modernization by the south, According to historianâ₠¬â„¢s Foner (1970), when the North nullified subjugation and began mechanical upset which came about to urbanization, improved instruction and change exercises like abolitionism, reality that out of eight foreigners seven settled in the North, added to reality that the quantity of whites leaving South for North were twice as those leaving North to South, this added to forceful cautious political exercises of the South. These political enmities improved the overarching strains between the two sections finishing in the common war.(Foner, 1970) Other students of history contend that, individuals who claimed slaves were the profoundly modernized individuals in the South. Customary individuals were the ones and this gathering incorporated the working class whites who had no slave or possessed a couple of number of slaves. The South average citizens battled for withdrawal as they had confidence in a motto of â€Å"freedom is preposterous without slavery† they likewise accepted that servitude prompted social uniformity between whites. Then again the Northerners especially the republicans had a differed translation of the standard of 1776.This shifted philosophy is among the primary driver of strains between the Southern states and the Northern states and is among the many motivation behind why the two districts needed to battle the common war. (Foner, 1970) States’ rights The privileges of states was another issue that added to the war, Debate on if the Union was the one more established than states or the other path inverse energized the on going discussion on privileges of states. The discussion was on if the central government was ought to have a great deal of control over states or if the alliance was simply comprised of sovereign expresses that had a larger number of forces than the bureaucratic, this contention included to the going controversy.According to Stampp (1956), each part utilized privileges of states contentions to their helpful positio n and changed positions when not advantageous. Stampp (1956) calls attention to that, Vice President Alexander Stephens of the South confederate as one case of the Southern states pioneer who named subjection as â€Å"cornerstone of the confederacy† toward the start of the war. The Vice President further said that, common war was not as to servitude; it was about states rights when the Southern states were defeated.Thus, the issue of states rights made a great deal of discussions that were among the numerous reasons for the common war. (Stampp, 1956) Who or what was to â€Å"blame† for the Civil War What to fault; Slavery The inquiries remains was the war about subjugation? The appropriate response is yes. So subjugation was to be faulted for the war. Assuming that there was no subjugation then the war couldn't have occurred. Or on the other hand assuming that, there was no difference about servitude issue, the South presumably would not have felt that their way of lif e was being compromised, and the Southern lawmaker would not have looked to secure their â€Å"rights to secede.† (Stampp 1956) However, the war was not just about subjection it was additionally about the protected privileges of the states, on the off chance that it had forces to leave the Union. However, the North never went to the war to stop subjection, nor did president Abraham Lincoln have a plan of halting the war ones he became president, it is away from contrasts in comprehension of the bondage issue was a significant commitment to the common war. Being good issue bondage caused division in political pioneers of the South and the North and made the strains that existed by then prompting the war.(Stampp, 1956) Who to fault; Politicians The principle fault of the war goes to the government officials who were political pioneers on the two sides of the North and the South. The South relied upon financial framework that depended vigorously on bondage, their pioneers, for e xample, William Lowders Yancey of Alabama and Robert Barnwell Rhett of South Carolina who was known as â€Å"fire eaters† realized that assuming the South lost its slaves, at that point, it would experience hard social and monetary impacts that will at last break the economy of the South.(Stampp, 1956) Hence, any political exercises that undermined the finish of servitude in the South got the entire consideration of political pioneers of the South a significant number of whom claimed slaves and who were all set for war to guarantee that their â€Å"rights† were secured. These political pioneers had the option to impact numerous Southerners that it was critical to battle, in persuading the individuals their predominantly legitimized the war by contentions which in a roundabout way alluded to bondage issue. The lawmakers of the North states were partitioned concerning the bondage issue and didn't planned to go on war over that issue.However, they took a political remain of battling when war came, comparatively they can likewise be accused for the war. (Stampp, 1956) Could the war be stayed away from? Since the time the finish of the American war, there have been contentions on whether the war was inescapable or could be maintained a strategic distance from. The inquiry illegal various answers as per the viewpoint one is looking the issue from. The war was inescapable and will undoubtedly occur. This is on the grounds that the belief systems being held by the South and the North were different.In a circumstance where political contrasts are so articulated it turns out to be difficult for the two rival sides to understand their disparities agreeable. Basing as a main priority that, what was at

A Contract Law Problem - Free Essay Example

Question 1 Issue The issue is whether the contract entered into by Harry, a clerk in the factory office is enforceable against the company. Rules A company can enter into a contract by the virtue of s124. There are several ways a company can contract with the outsiders. One common way is to affix the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s common seal as illustrated in Northside Developments Pty Ltd v Registrar-General. However according to s123(1), it is optional for the company to have a common seal. S127(1) of Corporations Act states that a common seal is not required if two directors or a director and a company secretary sign the document. There are two ways where individuals are capable of entering into contracts for the company. The first is the organic theory which refers to the organs of the company who are the directors, members and managing directors. This theory allows the company to contract directly under its name as illustrated in the case of Lennardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Carrying Co Ltd v Asiatic Petroleum Co Ltd. The second way is more common whereby a company (principal) is allowed to appoint agents to act on behalf of the company under s126 of the Corporation Act. There are two types of authorities that agents are appointed through actual a nd apparent or ostensible authority: s126(1). An agentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actual authority may be given expressly or not by the principal. When an actual authority comes with express instructions, this is known as express actual authority. An actual implied authority is when an authority is not expressly agreed upon between the agent and the principal and the agent can enter into contracts like a person in the same position customarily can: Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd. An agent has apparent or ostensible authority when the person is held out by the company [s129(3)] and when outsiders have the impression that the agent has the authority to act on behalf of the company. However, this is not an actual authority but an appearance of the authority: Freeman and Lockyear v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd. S128 and s129 of the Corporations Act allows the outsiders to make assumptions that the agent is complying with its companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s constitution. The outsiders will rely in good faith on the representation and Doctrine of Estoppel will apply once representation is made. Application Based on the law and facts given, when Harry did not introduce his position to Mickey, Mickey assumes under s129 that Harry has the ostensible authority customary for a factory manager and has the authority to enter into the contract with him. However there is no actual authority in this case as Harry has not been given actual authority by the directors or John and the office he holds does not customarily provide him the authority to enter into a contract on behalf of the factory manager. There are no representation to suggest that the company gave Harry an appearance of authority. Conclusion To conclude, the contract is not enforceable against Alpha Ltd and Harry can be sued for breach of warranty of authority by Solder Ltd. References Lipton, P., Herzberg, ABE Welsh, M., 2014. Understanding Company Law. (17th ed.). Australia: Thomson Reu ters. Retrieved: 20 October 2014 Corporations Act 2001. Australian Corporations Securities legislation. (2014 ed.). Australia: CCH. Retrieved: 20 October 2014 Question 2 Promotion is the period of time taken for the registration of the company. There are two types of promoters who take part in the formation, an active promoter and a passive promoter. In Twycross v Grant, a person who actively engages in the formation of a new company is known as an active promoter and the promoter can act on behalf of the company. In Tracy v Mandalay Pty Ltd, a person who does not actively engaged in the incorporation process but stood to benefit from the profits is a passive promoter. The promoter may also participate in raising share capital to maintain the business of the proposed company. A promoter owes fiduciary duties to the proposed company and potential investors. As part of the fiduciary duties, the promoter is required to act in the best interests of the company, avoid any conflicting interests, ensure full disclosure of any interests (Erlanger v New Sombrero Phosphate Co) and any personal profits (Gluckstein v Barnes) for contracts entered into. Based on the law and facts given, Larry is the party responsible for the incorporation of the company and thus satisfies the duties of an active promoter: Twycross v Grant. Larry ow es the proposed company, Lifesaver Pty Ltd and its potential investors, fiduciary duties as mentioned above. Under s131(1) of the Corporation Act, the law states that a company is bound if the contract is entered before registration and ratified within an agreeable time by both parties. This is supported in the case of Aztech Science Pty Ltd v Atlanta Aerospace. If the directors decided not to ratify Larryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lease, the promoter who entered the pre-registration contract on behalf of the company, which is Larry will be liable for any damages in virtue of s131(2) and Bay v Illawarra Stationery Supplies Pty Ltd. Larry will have to compensate both parties whereas Lifesaver Pty Ltd will not be affected. However Larry can be released from either or all part of the liability if the company sign a letter of release [s132(1)] from the liability clause but he will not be entitled to indemnity depending on the company [s132(2)]. Lifesaver is a proprietary company as thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ptyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in the name: s148(2). A proprietary company is prohibited from issuing shares to the public except to its existing shareholders or employees [s113(3)] whereas only public company can raise funds from the public by issuing a disclosure document. Lifesaver Pty Ltd can consider issuing offers of securities that do not require disclosure documents as listed in ss 708 and 708AA such as small scale offerings which are personal offers to a small number of investors [ss 708(1)-(7)]; offers to sophisticated investors that deal with large offers [s708(8)(a) and (b)], offers to wealthy investors [s708(8)(c) and (d)] or offers to experienced investors [s708(10)]. Lifesaver is a public company as thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s no mention of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ptyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“proprietaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in the name. As only a public company can raise funds from the public, Lifesaver can do so by issuing a disclosure document or using documents that do not require disclosure documents as listed in ss 708 and 708AA. The purpose of disclosure document is to ensure that relevant and accurate information is disclosed so investors can make informed decision on whether to accept the offer. There are four types of disclosure document à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" prospectus, short form prospectus, profile statement and offer information statement. A prospectus is the most common type of disclosure document used in practice. References Lipton, P., Herzberg, ABE Welsh, M., 2014. Understanding Company Law. (17th ed.). Australia: Thomson Reuters. Retrieved: 20 October 2014 Corporations Act 2001. Australian Corporations Securities legislation. (2014 ed.). Australia: CCH. Retrieved: 20 October 2014 Question 3 Issue The issue is to explore the various method of raising funds and whether there is a need for disclosure document in raising $11 million. Rules Companies can raise funds from the public provided that it is a public company and in order to raise funds, these companies are required t o issue a disclosure document unless otherwise exempted to do so in s708. The purpose of disclosure document is to ensure that relevant and accurate information is disclosed so investors can make informed decision on whether to accept the offer. There are four types of disclosure document à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" prospectus, short form prospectus, profile statement and offer information statement. Profile statement is not an option as it is rarely used in practice. A prospectus is the most common type of disclosure document. A prospectus is required by the Corporations act to be prepared in a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“clear, concise, and effectiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  way (s715A), including information required by the general disclosure test (s710), make specific disclosure required by s711 and not be misleading or deceptive [s728(1)]. A short form prospectus is a reference to the full prospectus and used to assist the general public [s712(1)]. An offer information statement (OIS) is an alternative besides the prospectus if the amount raised in a company lifetime is $10 million or less under s709. There are offers without a disclosure document as listed in s708 and s708AA. One of the offers is small scale offerings that are personal offers of securities to a small number of investors. Disclosure document is generally not required unless it has breached the 20 investors ceiling and $2 million ceiling [s 708(3) and (4)] within a 12 month period. Application Figment Ltd is a public company as thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s no mention of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ptyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“proprietaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in the name, thus it is able to raise funds from the public. Since the company does not want to prepare a prospectus, the only option is OIS. However OIS needs a disclosure document and the amount is capped at $10 million. The company can consider the exemptions listed in s708 and s708AA that do not need a disclosure document. If the offer is to be made to soph isticated investors, professional investors, senior managers or relatives, the company can consider the requirements for the respective documents. The company can consider using one or a combination of the documents in the listed exemptions to meet their needs. However because Figment is a public company, potential investors would prefer to learn more about the company and the reason for the issue of shares, thus it would be recommended to prepare a disclosure document. Since the offer exceeds the $10 million cap for using an OIS, Figment can consider using small scale offering for the remaining $1 million since it did not breach the $2 million breach. Conclusion To conclude, the best alternative is for Figment Ltd to use OIS in raising $10 million securities and the remaining $1 million using small scale offerings that do not require disclosure document under s708. References Lipton, P., Herzberg, ABE Welsh, M., 2014. Understanding Company Law. (17th ed.). Australia : Thomson Reuters. Retrieved: 20 October 2014 Corporations Act 2001. Australian Corporations Securities legislation. (2014 ed.). Australia: CCH. Retrieved: 20 October 2014 1

Essay on Free Will - 648 Words

Free Will A definition of free will, as we have seen, can be misunderstood and easily distorted. For the purpose of this essay free will, will be defined as the ability to chose, express ones feelings, emotions, or actions unconditionally. From the first time I understood the meaning of what free will was, I believed in it 100%. I had the right and ability to choose what ever I liked. Not only did I believe that I had free will but if I ever heard otherwise I felt that the other person did not have a clear understanding of what free will was, and as a result I could demonstrate a fairly strong persuasive argument opposing anything but the existence of free will. I would illustrate a situation in which there seemed to be no†¦show more content†¦I grew up in a household where I was taught that I was and will always be free. I also never had any religious affiliation within my first 8 years of schooling, which might have influenced me to think differently. The illustration of a gun to ones head is also rooted within the environment of others as well as my own. We can assume that the majority of people would want to live in that situation and therefore follow what is being asked of them. Now is that there f ree will? I dont think so. The fact that they choose to live is based on their enjoyment of life and there lessons that they have been taught by their upbringing, this is their environment. The same would be true on an extreme end. Somebody may make the decision to not obey and sacrifice his or her life because of extreme misery and discontent. Furthermore, the reason for the unhappiness may be a result of heredity. The victims mother could have used drugs, or something similar that which had an effect on her child. God plays an interesting role in this explanation of free will. Presently, after having about 7 years of religious education I feel like I am educated enough to speak of God. I believe that people can be affected by God within there decision making and often have God make the choice for them. For example, the choice to remain celibate until marriage, that is Gods wishesShow MoreRelatedFree Will And Free Choice1122 Words   |  5 Pagesknown permitted the choice, your free will grants you this privilege. Or does it? Free will is a false concept often confused with free choice. Free will does not truly exist, the limitations set by nature and the influence of other people hinder the ability to choose without the impact of past experiences. As Barbara Smoker, a British Humanist activist and freethought advocate stated, â€Å"Free choice means you are not forced by other people or what is outside of you. Free will is the idea that you areRead MoreShould Free Will Be Free?904 Words   |  4 Pagestalking about the idea of â€Å"free will† there are a lot of factors involved. 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I will defeat this premiseRead More Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - The Paradox of Free Will1318 Words   |  6 PagesA Paradox: Oedipuss Free will in the Play Oedipus Rex William Shakespeare once wrote, Who can control his fate? (Othello, Act v, Sc.2).  A hero and leader must acknowledge above all else his honor, and the pride of his image.   In ancient Greek beliefs, a hero was a man who stood taller than the rest; he was able to better any conflict.   He did this not for himself or for any token award that may be given to him, but for the security of his fellow man.   Physical strength and superior wit areRead MoreThe Relevence of Free Will615 Words   |  3 Pageshuge part in who we are. But we also have free will. -Aidan Quinn Basically this quote is saying how we are raised in the home determines a big factory of how discipline we are however we still must take into consideration that we are still held accountable for our action regardless. 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Learning feedback diary free essay sample

To gain more knowledge, skills, techniques and appropriate attitude. To enhance my communication skills in interacting with the patient. Specific objectives: To enhance rapport with the patient. To enhance myself confidence in dealing with the patient. To put experience all the things that I learned from school. LEARNING FEEDBACK DIARY Within the exposure of 4 days I learned discovered a lot of new things. I learned that it is very important as a S. N to communicate information about client accurately, timely and ineffective manner because in this way client is to find out what is central to their concerns and to gather baseline data client health. I learned that it is also important for a group to have cooperation in them so that the entire assigned task to them will be done and finish easily. Self confidence is one characteristic that must S. N possess to gain the trust and respect of the client. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning feedback diary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the things must the S. N to do after and in monitoring v/s is to educate patient to empower them and usually enables them to achieve higher level of wellness or to manage their health needs. We did health teaching about new born screening to our patient because some they do not know the benefits of the new born screening. We gave some examples how to prevent the diseases that they may acquire. On the last day of our duty we did return demonstration in IV insertion and its quite exciting and tense. Lastly I would like to thank our C. I for being there and guiding us, even though the other staff nurse are not kind and they are not practicing the right total patient care to the patient they are handling, and sometimes they make us nervous and as if they S. N do not know we are in the ward but they are the one who are not doing their job accurately and they just guess the v/s of the patient. Sometimes they got mad with us and always say to put boundaries with us and not to be friends with the S. N. Thanks and more power.

LSteele Ethical Paper free essay sample

As an anthropologist, my answer would be the relationship between ideology and power. Dominant ideologies form the baseline for consensus in almost every society. It is important to understand ideologies that constitute the normative baseline are a social construct of the dominant group, meaning they are not innate or fixed. They can be changed. I believe that historicism is responsible for all social and cultural phenomena, including poverty. Similar to many human problems, attempts at addressing poverty should ask what social and cultural structures allow poverty to exist?Poverty is a consequence of power imbalances and socially constructed inequality influenced by ideology. It is a human condition that operates with homeostasis functions (unique ideology), sustaining and perpetuating the culture Of poverty. It is important to note that merely identifying the root cause of poverty addresses only one aspect of the problem. Although imbalanced social structures are responsible for creating poverty, the condition of poverty, as well as the ideologies it produces must also be understood and addressed in order to end the cycle of poverty. We will write a custom essay sample on LSteele Ethical Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is necessary to take a holistic approach when addressing poverty as a human condition and be able to view cause and condition as separate, but equal concerns. Anthropologist Oscar Lewis created the term culture of poverty to show how poverty conditions ideology. He argued that ideologies learned in childhood perpetuate the cycle of poverty across generations and consistently identified four factors that sustain the culture of poverty: marginality, helplessness, dependency, and inferiority. Individuals born Into poverty are conditioned to believe they do not have the ability to be successful.It is important to understand that this theory is based on larger social and cultural factors rather than on the individual. The culture of poverty is more a state of thinking, a set of beliefs, as opposed to a state of being (Lewis Farce, 1959). II: Application of Utilitarianism, Demonology, and Rails Distributive Justice Arguments In this section Of the ethical reflection paper two items set forth in President Beams agenda aimed at reducing poverty in the United States will be argued from three ethical frameworks.These items include raising wages and investing in children. A: Raising Wages According to Michael Sanded, utilitarianism, a consequentialit y form of moral reasoning formulated by British philosopher Jeremy Beneath, locates morality in the consequence of an act or the state of the world that results from the thing you do (201 1). It sees our actions as ways to make the world better. The objective of utilitarianism is to maximize utility, or happiness, as exemplified by the guiding principle, the greatest good for the greatest number (Jimenez, 1998).From this perspective, raising the minimum wage would result happier, more fulfilled employees. For an employee, the ability to earn a living wage would increase their job satisfaction as well as their productivity, subsequently decreasing the companys rate of turnover as well as any associated costs of employee turnover. Demonology argues for action out of duty. A categorical form of moral reasoning formulated by German philosopher Emmanuel Kant, this ethical framework locates morality in certain duties and rights and views consequences as morally irrelevant.Emmanuel Kant says that insofar as our actions have moral worth, what confers moral worth is our capacity to rise above self-interest and inclination and to act out of duty. Michael Sanded simply states, The moral value of an action depends on the motive do the right thing for the right reason(2011). As mentioned by President Obama, under current law, a full-time worker with two children earning minimum wage will still raise his or her family in poverty. (Biotech, 2013).This account maintains that every individual has the right to earn adequate wages to support themselves, arguing for a moral obligation on behalf of workers currently receiving minimum wage benefits and the federal government of the United States to respect the dignity of their citizens as human beings by offering a morally acceptable living wage that would allow for the individual to rise above the poverty level. Moreover, allowing the market to determine workers wage benefits would not be acting in accordance with the duty to act.Rails Distributive Justice theory, developed by modern American philosopher John Rails, maintains each society enacts a ramekin of laws, institutions, and policies, resulting in unequal distributions of benefits and burdens amongst me beers of society (Lament, 1996). Future consequences society faces, rather than the moral duties of individuals are the primary concerns. According to this model, a living wage should be enacted as a tool to reduce income inequality. B: Investing in Children Ethnologist argue that education is a basic human right essential for the exercise of all other human rights (The Right to Education, 2014).

Free Essays on Postomodernism

Postmodernism. The term postmodernism is used in a variety of ways. On one hand, it has a common language usage, which is so broad and imprecise as to be effectively meaningless. On the other hand has also a rigorous usage which itself seems to have two variants: one as a term used to describe perceived conditions of the contrary world, the other, a term denoting an epistemological critique of modernism. In relation to strategy, the term postmodernism is a useful illustrative device used to suggest that it is a management and/or the world, which has changed, but what has really changed is our understanding of them. The locus of its ideas has been Europe, and of its development, application, and polemic has been the USA, and beyond that international. Virtually all the hundred-or-more contributors are American academics. For me, postmodernism is infuriatingly multi-dimensional but uniquely represents the paradoxes and reflexivities of modern living, bringing together a range of exciting disciplines to explain and explore experience, meaning and truth. The influence of postmodernism on management According to Norman Jackson and Pipa Carter, the influence of postmodernism on management is the emergence of three distinct conceptualisations of the â€Å"fact†. They have in common only their rejection – intentional or otherwise- of the modernist conceptualisation of formally logical truth, of the transcendent fact, and the consequent abandonment of a unitary management knowledge rooted in science. In this they offer, on the one hand, a resolution of the embarrassing paradoxes, which have inhibited management thinking in its modernist way, and, on the other, a plurality of approaches to post-modern management Features of post-modern way of living The modern and post-modern can be defined through contrasting sets of antinomies (Featherstone, 1988). The post-modern appears to represent a break with the modern, which is defined as being... Free Essays on Postomodernism Free Essays on Postomodernism Postmodernism. The term postmodernism is used in a variety of ways. On one hand, it has a common language usage, which is so broad and imprecise as to be effectively meaningless. On the other hand has also a rigorous usage which itself seems to have two variants: one as a term used to describe perceived conditions of the contrary world, the other, a term denoting an epistemological critique of modernism. In relation to strategy, the term postmodernism is a useful illustrative device used to suggest that it is a management and/or the world, which has changed, but what has really changed is our understanding of them. The locus of its ideas has been Europe, and of its development, application, and polemic has been the USA, and beyond that international. Virtually all the hundred-or-more contributors are American academics. For me, postmodernism is infuriatingly multi-dimensional but uniquely represents the paradoxes and reflexivities of modern living, bringing together a range of exciting disciplines to explain and explore experience, meaning and truth. The influence of postmodernism on management According to Norman Jackson and Pipa Carter, the influence of postmodernism on management is the emergence of three distinct conceptualisations of the â€Å"fact†. They have in common only their rejection – intentional or otherwise- of the modernist conceptualisation of formally logical truth, of the transcendent fact, and the consequent abandonment of a unitary management knowledge rooted in science. In this they offer, on the one hand, a resolution of the embarrassing paradoxes, which have inhibited management thinking in its modernist way, and, on the other, a plurality of approaches to post-modern management Features of post-modern way of living The modern and post-modern can be defined through contrasting sets of antinomies (Featherstone, 1988). The post-modern appears to represent a break with the modern, which is defined as being...